Great thread! Several disjointed contributions:
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Seconding recommendation for “Poems from the Edge of Extinction” - an excellent anthology, a bit uneven, but how could it not be?
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There are at least two great poetry MOOCs on Coursera: “Modern & Contemporary American Poetry” (Dickinson, Whitman and onwards; vibrant community; possibly the very best MOOC I took part in) and “Modern Hebrew Poetry” (also great but taught in Hebrew)
On Persian I would add Hafez and Omar Khayyam to the list of recommended classics; the first is the Poet for many Iranians (it’s often said that every family owns at least two books: the Holy Qur’an, and divan of Hafez), many layers of meaning, great stuff but tough to grasp. Khayyam in turn is short, easy to read, and accessible (though many translations are misleading). However, aside from classical poetry tradition (which is alive and kicking and much loved) there’s also equally great modern poetry - my personal favourite is Sohrab Sepehri
Other personal faves: Russian - Aleksandr Blok, Velemir Khlebnikov and so-called “Silver Age” in general; Hebrew - Natan Alterman; Armenian - Paruyr Sevak (I love “We are few but we are called Armenians…” which is probably his most famous poem); quite recently I discovered this Twitter account: @OldTamilPoetry and, through it, this beautiful poem
In my native language, Polish, it’s tough to limit myself to pointing out only a couple names; I can write a longer list of personal recommendations, should you be interested